What is the integral of csc^2(x)-1 ?

The integral of csc^2(x)-1 is -cot(x)-x+C

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integral of csc^2(x)-1

\int csc^{2} (x) - 1 d x

- cot (x) - x + C

Solution steps

\int csc^{2} (x) - 1 d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int csc^{2} (x) d x - \int 1 d x

\int csc^{2} (x) d x = - cot (x)

\int 1 d x = x

= - cot (x) - x

Add a constant to the solution

= - cot (x) - x + C

\int e^{(1 + n) x} d x

\int \frac{x}{x + 1} d x

f (x) = 3 x + 1, at x = 8

\int 3 1 - x^{2} d x

p (t) = 25 e^{0.03 t}