What is the integral of sqrt(x^2-16) ?

The integral of sqrt(x^2-16) is 16(1/32 xsqrt(x^2-16)-1/2 ln((|x+sqrt(x^2-16)|)/4))+C

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integral of sqrt(x^2-16)

\int x^{2} - 16 d x

16 (\frac{1}{32} x x^{2} - 16 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 16}{4})) + C

Solution steps

\int x^{2} - 16 d x

Apply Trigonometric Substitution

: \int 16 tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

= \int 16 tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 16 \cdot \int tan^{2} (u) sec (u) d u

Rewrite using trig identities

= 16 \cdot \int (- 1 + sec^{2} (u)) sec (u) d u

Expand

(- 1 + sec^{2} (u)) sec (u) : - sec (u) + sec^{3} (u)

= 16 \cdot \int - sec (u) + sec^{3} (u) d u

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= 16 (- \int sec (u) d u + \int sec^{3} (u) d u)

\int sec (u) d u = ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

\int sec^{3} (u) d u = \frac{1}{2} sec (u) tan (u) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

= 16 (- ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣ + \frac{1}{2} sec (u) tan (u) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣)

Substitute back

u = arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)

= 16 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)))

Simplify

16 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x)) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{4} x))) : 16 (\frac{1}{32} x x^{2} - 16 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 16}{4}))

= 16 (\frac{1}{32} x x^{2} - 16 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 16}{4}))

Add a constant to the solution

= 16 (\frac{1}{32} x x^{2} - 16 - \frac{1}{2} ln (\frac{x + x ^{2} - 16}{4})) + C

f (x) = x^{3} - 2 x + 1, (3, 22)

f (x) = \frac{1 + ln ( x )}{x}, at x = e

y = \frac{x}{x + 7}

64 x - 0.02 x^{2}

f (x) = 3 x^{2} + x, at x = 1

What is the integral of sqrt(x^2-16) ?
The integral of sqrt(x^2-16) is 16(1/32 xsqrt(x^2-16)-1/2 ln((|x+sqrt(x^2-16)|)/4))+C