What is the integral of (sin(θ))/(cos(θ)) ?

The integral of (sin(θ))/(cos(θ)) is -ln|cos(θ)|+C

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integral of (sin(θ))/(cos(θ))

\int \frac{sin ( θ )}{cos ( θ )} d θ

- ln ∣ cos (θ) ∣ + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{sin ( θ )}{cos ( θ )} d θ

Apply u-substitution

: \int - \frac{1}{u} d u

= \int - \frac{1}{u} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= - \int \frac{1}{u} d u

Use the common integral:

\int \frac{1}{u} d u = ln (∣ u ∣)

= - ln ∣ u ∣

Substitute back

u = cos (θ)

= - ln ∣ cos (θ) ∣

Add a constant to the solution

= - ln ∣ cos (θ) ∣ + C

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What is the integral of (sin(θ))/(cos(θ)) ?
The integral of (sin(θ))/(cos(θ)) is -ln|cos(θ)|+C