What is the integral of 1/(x^4+3x^2) ?

The integral of 1/(x^4+3x^2) is -1/(3x)-1/(3sqrt(3))arctan(x/(sqrt(3)))+C

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integral of 1/(x^4+3x^2)

\int \frac{1}{x ^{4} + 3 x ^{2}} d x

- \frac{1}{3 x} - \frac{1}{3 3} arctan (\frac{x}{3}) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{x ^{4} + 3 x ^{2}} d x

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{1}{x ^{4} + 3 x ^{2}} : \frac{1}{3 x ^{2}} - \frac{1}{3 ( x ^{2} + 3 )}

= \int \frac{1}{3 x ^{2}} - \frac{1}{3 ( x ^{2} + 3 )} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int \frac{1}{3 x ^{2}} d x - \int \frac{1}{3 ( x ^{2} + 3 )} d x

\int \frac{1}{3 x ^{2}} d x = - \frac{1}{3 x}

\int \frac{1}{3 ( x ^{2} + 3 )} d x = \frac{1}{3 3} arctan (\frac{x}{3})

= - \frac{1}{3 x} - \frac{1}{3 3} arctan (\frac{x}{3})

Add a constant to the solution

= - \frac{1}{3 x} - \frac{1}{3 3} arctan (\frac{x}{3}) + C

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What is the integral of 1/(x^4+3x^2) ?
The integral of 1/(x^4+3x^2) is -1/(3x)-1/(3sqrt(3))arctan(x/(sqrt(3)))+C