What is the integral of (3x)/(3x-1) ?

The integral of (3x)/(3x-1) is x-1/3+1/3 ln|3x-1|+C

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integral of (3x)/(3x-1)

\int \frac{3 x}{3 x - 1} d x

x - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣ + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{3 x}{3 x - 1} d x

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 3 \cdot \int \frac{x}{3 x - 1} d x

Apply u-substitution

: \int \frac{u + 1}{9 u} d u

= 3 \cdot \int \frac{u + 1}{9 u} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} \cdot \int \frac{u + 1}{u} d u

Expand

\frac{u + 1}{u} : 1 + \frac{1}{u}

= 3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} \cdot \int 1 + \frac{1}{u} d u

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= 3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} (\int 1 d u + \int \frac{1}{u} d u)

\int 1 d u = u

\int \frac{1}{u} d u = ln ∣ u ∣

= 3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} (u + ln ∣ u ∣)

Substitute back

u = 3 x - 1

= 3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} (3 x - 1 + ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣)

Simplify

3 \cdot \frac{1}{9} (3 x - 1 + ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣) : x - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣

= x - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣

Add a constant to the solution

= x - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{3} ln ∣ 3 x - 1 ∣ + C

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What is the integral of (3x)/(3x-1) ?
The integral of (3x)/(3x-1) is x-1/3+1/3 ln|3x-1|+C