What is the integral of (4x^2-2)/(x-x^3) ?

The integral of (4x^2-2)/(x-x^3) is -2ln|x|-ln|x+1|-ln|x-1|+C

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integral of (4x^2-2)/(x-x^3)

\int \frac{4 x ^{2} - 2}{x - x ^{3}} d x

- 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ - ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{4 x ^{2} - 2}{x - x ^{3}} d x

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{4 x ^{2} - 2}{x - x ^{3}} : - \frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1}

= \int - \frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= - \int \frac{2}{x} d x - \int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x - \int \frac{1}{x - 1} d x

\int \frac{2}{x} d x = 2 ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x = ln ∣ x + 1 ∣

\int \frac{1}{x - 1} d x = ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

= - 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ - ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

Add a constant to the solution

= - 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ - ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

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What is the integral of (4x^2-2)/(x-x^3) ?
The integral of (4x^2-2)/(x-x^3) is -2ln|x|-ln|x+1|-ln|x-1|+C