What is the integral of ((sqrt(x)-1)^2)/(x^2) ?

The integral of ((sqrt(x)-1)^2)/(x^2) is ln|x|+4/(sqrt(x))-1/x+C

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integral of ((sqrt(x)-1)^2)/(x^2)

\int \frac{( x - 1 ) ^{2}}{x ^{2}} d x

ln ∣ x ∣ + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{x} + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{( x - 1 ) ^{2}}{x ^{2}} d x

Expand

\frac{( x - 1 ) ^{2}}{x ^{2}} : \frac{1}{x} - \frac{2}{x ^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}}

= \int \frac{1}{x} - \frac{2}{x ^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int \frac{1}{x} d x - \int \frac{2}{x ^{\frac{3}{2}}} d x + \int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x

\int \frac{1}{x} d x = ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{2}{x ^{\frac{3}{2}}} d x = - \frac{4}{x}

\int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x = - \frac{1}{x}

= ln ∣ x ∣ - (- \frac{4}{x}) - \frac{1}{x}

Simplify

= ln ∣ x ∣ + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{x}

Add a constant to the solution

= ln ∣ x ∣ + \frac{4}{x} - \frac{1}{x} + C

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What is the integral of ((sqrt(x)-1)^2)/(x^2) ?
The integral of ((sqrt(x)-1)^2)/(x^2) is ln|x|+4/(sqrt(x))-1/x+C