What is the integral of 1/(3+cos(u)) ?

The integral of 1/(3+cos(u)) is 1/(sqrt(2))arctan((tan(u/2))/(sqrt(2)))+C

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integral of 1/(3+cos(u))

\int \frac{1}{3 + cos ( u )} d u

\frac{1}{2} arctan (\frac{tan ( \frac{u}{2} )}{2}) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{3 + cos ( u )} d u

Apply u-substitution

: \int \frac{1}{v ^{2} + 2} d v

= \int \frac{1}{v ^{2} + 2} d v

Apply Integral Substitution

= \int \frac{1}{2 ( w ^{2} + 1 )} d w

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int \frac{1}{w ^{2} + 1} d w

Use the common integral:

\int \frac{1}{w ^{2} + 1} d w = arctan (w)

= \frac{1}{2} arctan (w)

Substitute back

= \frac{1}{2} arctan (\frac{tan ( \frac{u}{2} )}{2})

Add a constant to the solution

= \frac{1}{2} arctan (\frac{tan ( \frac{u}{2} )}{2}) + C

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What is the integral of 1/(3+cos(u)) ?
The integral of 1/(3+cos(u)) is 1/(sqrt(2))arctan((tan(u/2))/(sqrt(2)))+C