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Popular >

(cos(x))/(1+cos(2x))<0

Solution

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ( 2 x )} < 0

Solution

\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Interval Notation

(\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn)

Decimal Notation

1.57079 \dots + 2 πn < x < 4.71238 \dots + 2 πn

Solution steps

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ( 2 x )} < 0

Use the following identity:

cos (2 x) = cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x)

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )} < 0

Periodicity of

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )} : 2 π

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )}

is composed of the following functions and periods:

cos (x)

with periodicity of

2 π

The compound periodicity is:

= 2 π

Find the zeroes and undifined points of

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )}

for

0 \leq x < 2 π

To find the zeroes, set the inequality to zero

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )} = 0

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )} = 0, 0 \leq x < 2 π :

No Solution for

x \in R

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )} = 0, 0 \leq x < 2 π

\frac{f ( x )}{g ( x )} = 0 \Rightarrow f (x) = 0

cos (x) = 0

General solutions for

cos (x) = 0

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Solutions for the range

0 \leq x < 2 π

x = \frac{π}{2}, x = \frac{3 π}{2}

Since the equation is undefined for:

\frac{π}{2}, \frac{3 π}{2}

No Solution for x \in R

Find the undefined points:

x = \frac{π}{2}, x = \frac{3 π}{2}

Find the zeros of the denominator

1 + cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

1 + cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x) = cos (2 x)

= 1 + cos (2 x)

1 + cos (2 x) = 0

Move

1

to the right side

1 + cos (2 x) = 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

1 + cos (2 x) - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplify

cos (2 x) = - 1

cos (2 x) = - 1

General solutions for

cos (2 x) = - 1

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

2 x = π + 2 πn

2 x = π + 2 πn

Solve

2 x = π + 2 πn : x = \frac{π}{2} + πn

2 x = π + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 x = π + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{π}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

x = \frac{π}{2} + πn

x = \frac{π}{2} + πn

x = \frac{π}{2} + πn

Solutions for the range

0 \leq x < 2 π

x = \frac{π}{2}, x = \frac{3 π}{2}

\frac{π}{2}, \frac{3 π}{2}

Identify the intervals

0 < x < \frac{π}{2}, \frac{π}{2} < x < \frac{3 π}{2}, \frac{3 π}{2} < x < 2 π

Summarize in a table:

cos (x) 1 + cos^{2} (x) - sin^{2} (x) \frac{c o s ( x )}{1 + c o s ^{2} ( x ) - s i n ^{2} ( x )} x = 0 + + + 0 < x < \frac{π}{2} + + + x = \frac{π}{2} 00 Undefined \frac{π}{2} < x < \frac{3 π}{2} - + - x = \frac{3 π}{2} 00 Undefined \frac{3 π}{2} < x < 2 π + + + x = 2 π + + +

Identify the intervals that satisfy the required condition:

< 0

\frac{π}{2} < x < \frac{3 π}{2}

Apply the periodicity of

\frac{cos ( x )}{1 + cos ^{2} ( x ) - sin ^{2} ( x )}

\frac{π}{2} + 2 πn < x < \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

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