What is the general solution for cos(4x)+cos(2x)+1=0 ?

The general solution for cos(4x)+cos(2x)+1=0 is x= pi/4+pin,x=(3pi)/4+pin,x= pi/3+pin,x=(2pi)/3+pin

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cos(4x)+cos(2x)+1=0

Solution

cos (4 x) + cos (2 x) + 1 = 0

Solution

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{π}{3} + πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Degrees

x = 4 5^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n, x = 13 5^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n, x = 6 0^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n, x = 12 0^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

cos (4 x) + cos (2 x) + 1 = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

1 + cos (2 x) + cos (4 x)

cos (4 x) = 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1

cos (4 x)

Rewrite as

= cos (2 \cdot 2 x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

cos (2 x) = 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1

cos (2 \cdot 2 x) = 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1

= 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1

= 1 + cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1

Simplify

1 + cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1 : 2 cos^{2} (2 x) + cos (2 x)

1 + cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) - 1

Group like terms

= cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) + 1 - 1

1 - 1 = 0

= 2 cos^{2} (2 x) + cos (2 x)

= 2 cos^{2} (2 x) + cos (2 x)

cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) = 0

Solve by substitution

cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (2 x) = 0

Let:

cos (2 x) = u

u + 2 u^{2} = 0

u + 2 u^{2} = 0 : u = 0, u = - \frac{1}{2}

u + 2 u^{2} = 0

Write in the standard form

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

2 u^{2} + u = 0

Solve with the quadratic formula

2 u^{2} + u = 0

Quadratic Equation Formula:

For

a = 2, b = 1, c = 0

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 1 ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 2}

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 1 ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 2}

1^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0 = 1

1^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply rule

1^{a} = 1

1^{2} = 1

= 1 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 0

Apply rule

0 \cdot a = 0

= 1 - 0

Subtract the numbers:

1 - 0 = 1

= 1

Apply rule

1 = 1

= 1

u_{1, 2} = \frac{- 1 \pm 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Separate the solutions

u_{1} = \frac{- 1 + 1}{2 \cdot 2}, u_{2} = \frac{- 1 - 1}{2 \cdot 2}

u = \frac{- 1 + 1}{2 \cdot 2} : 0

\frac{- 1 + 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Add/Subtract the numbers:

- 1 + 1 = 0

= \frac{0}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{0}{4}

Apply rule

\frac{0}{a} = 0, a \neq = 0

= 0

u = \frac{- 1 - 1}{2 \cdot 2} : - \frac{1}{2}

\frac{- 1 - 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Subtract the numbers:

- 1 - 1 = - 2

= \frac{- 2}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{- 2}{4}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{- a}{b} = - \frac{a}{b}

= - \frac{2}{4}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= - \frac{1}{2}

The solutions to the quadratic equation are:

u = 0, u = - \frac{1}{2}

Substitute back

u = cos (2 x)

cos (2 x) = 0, cos (2 x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (2 x) = 0, cos (2 x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (2 x) = 0 : x = \frac{π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

cos (2 x) = 0

General solutions for

cos (2 x) = 0

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

2 x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, 2 x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

2 x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, 2 x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Solve

2 x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn : x = \frac{π}{4} + πn

2 x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

\frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{π}{4} + πn

\frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2} = \frac{π}{4}

\frac{\frac{π}{2}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{π}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{π}{4}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn

Solve

2 x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn : x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

2 x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

\frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

\frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2} = \frac{3 π}{4}

\frac{\frac{3 π}{2}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{3 π}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{3 π}{4}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn

cos (2 x) = - \frac{1}{2} : x = \frac{π}{3} + πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

cos (2 x) = - \frac{1}{2}

General solutions for

cos (2 x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

2 x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, 2 x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

2 x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, 2 x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Solve

2 x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn : x = \frac{π}{3} + πn

2 x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{π}{3} + πn

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} = \frac{π}{3}

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{2 π}{3 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 2 = 6

= \frac{2 π}{6}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= \frac{π}{3}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{π}{3} + πn

Solve

2 x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn : x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

2 x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} = \frac{2 π}{3}

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{4 π}{3 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 2 = 6

= \frac{4 π}{6}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= \frac{2 π}{3}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

x = \frac{π}{3} + πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Combine all the solutions

x = \frac{π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + πn, x = \frac{π}{3} + πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for cos(4x)+cos(2x)+1=0 ?
The general solution for cos(4x)+cos(2x)+1=0 is x= pi/4+pin,x=(3pi)/4+pin,x= pi/3+pin,x=(2pi)/3+pin