Chapter 4 Review Exercises
True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample. Assume that [latex]f(x)[/latex] is continuous and differentiable unless stated otherwise.
1. If [latex]f(-1)=-6[/latex] and [latex]f(1)=2[/latex], then there exists at least one point [latex]x\in [-1,1][/latex] such that [latex]f^{\prime}(x)=4[/latex].
Answer:
True, by Mean Value Theorem
2. If [latex]f^{\prime}(c)=0[/latex], there is a maximum or minimum at [latex]x=c[/latex].
3. There is a function such that [latex]f(x)<0, \, f^{\prime}(x)>0[/latex], and [latex]f^{\prime \prime}(x)<0[/latex]. (A graphical “proof” is acceptable for this answer.)
Answer:
True
4. There is a function such that there is both an inflection point and a critical point for some value [latex]x=a[/latex].
5. Given the graph of [latex]f^{\prime}[/latex], determine where [latex]f[/latex] is increasing or decreasing.
Answer:
Increasing: [latex](-2,0)\cup (4,\infty )[/latex], decreasing: [latex](−\infty ,-2)\cup (0,4)[/latex]
7. Find the linear approximation [latex]L(x)[/latex] to [latex]y=x^2+ \tan (\pi x)[/latex] near [latex]x=\frac{1}{4}[/latex].
Answer:
[latex]L(x)=\frac{17}{16}+\frac{1}{2}(1+4\pi )(x-\frac{1}{4})[/latex]
8. Find the differential of [latex]y=x^2-5x-6[/latex] and evaluate for [latex]x=2[/latex] with [latex]dx=0.1[/latex].
Find the critical points and the local and absolute extrema of the following functions on the given interval.
9. [latex]f(x)=x+ \sin^2 (x)[/latex] over [latex][0,\pi][/latex]
Answer:
Critical point: [latex]x=\frac{3\pi}{4}[/latex], absolute minimum: [latex]x=0[/latex], absolute maximum: [latex]x=\pi[/latex]
10. [latex]f(x)=3x^4-4x^3-12x^2+6[/latex] over [latex][-3,3][/latex]
Determine over which intervals the following functions are increasing, decreasing, concave up, and concave down.
11. [latex]x(t)=3t^4-8t^3-18t^2[/latex]
Answer:
Increasing: [latex](-1,0)\cup (3,\infty )[/latex], decreasing: [latex](−\infty ,-1)\cup (0,3)[/latex], concave up: [latex](−\infty ,\frac{1}{3}(2-\sqrt{13}))\cup (\frac{1}{3}(2+\sqrt{13}),\infty )[/latex], concave down: [latex](\frac{1}{3}(2-\sqrt{13}),\frac{1}{3}(2+\sqrt{13}))[/latex]
12. [latex]y=x+ \sin (\pi x)[/latex]
13. [latex]g(x)=x-\sqrt{x}[/latex]
Answer:
Increasing: [latex](\frac{1}{4},\infty )[/latex], decreasing: [latex](0,\frac{1}{4})[/latex], concave up: [latex](0,\infty )[/latex], concave down: nowhere
14. [latex]f(\theta )= \sin (3\theta )[/latex]
Evaluate the following limits.
15. [latex]\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim}\frac{3x\sqrt{x^2+1}}{\sqrt{x^4-1}}[/latex]
Answer:
3
16. [latex]\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim} \cos (\frac{1}{x})[/latex]
17. [latex]\underset{x\to 1}{\lim}\frac{x-1}{ \sin (\pi x)}[/latex]
Answer:
[latex]-\frac{1}{\pi }[/latex]
18. [latex]\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim}(3x)^{1/x}[/latex]
19. [latex]y=x^3+1, \, x_0=0.5[/latex]
Answer:
[latex]x_1=-1, \, x_2=-1[/latex]
20. [latex]\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{2}, \, x_0=0[/latex]
Find the antiderivatives [latex]F(x)[/latex] of the following functions.
Answer:
[latex]F(x)=\frac{2x^{3/2}}{3}+\frac{1}{x}+C[/latex]
22. [latex]f(x)=2x+6 \cos x, \, F(\pi)=\pi^2+2[/latex]
Graph the following functions by hand. Make sure to label the inflection points, critical points, zeros, and asymptotes.
23. [latex]y=\frac{1}{x(x+1)^2}[/latex]
Answer: Inflection points: none; critical points: [latex]x=-\frac{1}{3}[/latex]; zeros: none; vertical asymptotes: [latex]x=-1[/latex], [latex]x=0[/latex]; horizontal asymptote: [latex]y=0[/latex]
24. [latex]y=x-\sqrt{4-x^2}[/latex]
25. A car is being compacted into a rectangular solid. The volume is decreasing at a rate of 2 m3/sec. The length and width of the compactor are square, but the height is not the same length as the length and width. If the length and width walls move toward each other at a rate of 0.25 m/sec, find the rate at which the height is changing when the length and width are 2 m and the height is 1.5 m.
Answer:
The height is decreasing at a rate of 0.125 m/sec
26. A rocket is launched into space; its kinetic energy is given by [latex]K(t)=(\frac{1}{2})m(t)v(t)^2[/latex], where [latex]K[/latex] is the kinetic energy in joules, [latex]m[/latex] is the mass of the rocket in kilograms, and [latex]v[/latex] is the velocity of the rocket in meters/second. Assume the velocity is increasing at a rate of 15 m/sec2 and the mass is decreasing at a rate of 10 kg/sec because the fuel is being burned. At what rate is the rocket’s kinetic energy changing when the mass is 2000 kg and the velocity is 5000 m/sec? Give your answer in mega-Joules (MJ), which is equivalent to [latex]10^6[/latex] J.
27. The famous Regiomontanus’ problem for angle maximization was proposed during the 15th century. A painting hangs on a wall with the bottom of the painting a distance [latex]a[/latex] feet above eye level, and the top [latex]b[/latex] feet above eye level. What distance [latex]x[/latex] (in feet) from the wall should the viewer stand to maximize the angle subtended by the painting, [latex]\theta[/latex]?
Answer:
[latex]x=\sqrt{ab}[/latex] feet
28. An airline sells tickets from Tokyo to Detroit for [latex]$1200[/latex]. There are 500 seats available and a typical flight books 350 seats. For every [latex]$10[/latex] decrease in price, the airline observes an additional five seats sold. What should the fare be to maximize profit? How many passengers would be onboard?
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