What is the integral of sqrt(cot(x)) ?

The integral of sqrt(cot(x)) is

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integral of sqrt(cot(x))

\int cot (x) d x

- 22 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) + 22 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) - 22 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1))) + C

Solution steps

\int cot (x) d x

Apply Trigonometric Substitution

: \int - \frac{u}{1 + u ^{2}} d u

= \int - \frac{u}{1 + u ^{2}} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= - \int \frac{u}{1 + u ^{2}} d u

Apply Integral Substitution

= - \int \frac{2 v}{4 + v ^{2}} d v

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= - 2 \cdot \int \frac{v}{4 + v ^{2}} d v

Apply u-substitution

: \int \frac{2 w ^{2}}{4 + w ^{4}} d w

= - 2 \cdot \int \frac{2 w ^{2}}{4 + w ^{4}} d w

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot \int \frac{w ^{2}}{4 + w ^{4}} d w

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{w ^{2}}{4 + w ^{4}} : - \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} + 2 w + 2 )} + \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} - 2 w + 2 )}

= - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot \int - \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} + 2 w + 2 )} + \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} - 2 w + 2 )} d w

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= - 2 \cdot 2 (- \int \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} + 2 w + 2 )} d w + \int \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} - 2 w + 2 )} d w)

\int \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} + 2 w + 2 )} d w = \frac{1}{8} (ln w^{2} + 2 w + 2 - 2 arctan (w + 1))

\int \frac{w}{4 ( w ^{2} - 2 w + 2 )} d w = \frac{1}{8} (ln w^{2} - 2 w + 2 + 2 arctan (w - 1))

= - 2 \cdot 2 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln w^{2} + 2 w + 2 - 2 arctan (w + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln w^{2} - 2 w + 2 + 2 arctan (w - 1)))

Substitute back

= - 2 \cdot 2 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln (2 cot (x))^{2} + 2 2 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln (2 cot (x))^{2} - 2 2 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1)))

Simplify

- 2 \cdot 2 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln (2 cot (x))^{2} + 2 2 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln (2 cot (x))^{2} - 2 2 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1))) : - 22 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) + 22 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) - 22 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1)))

= - 22 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) + 22 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) - 22 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1)))

Add a constant to the solution

= - 22 (- \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) + 22 cot (x) + 2 - 2 arctan (2 cot (x) + 1)) + \frac{1}{8} (ln 2 cot (x) - 22 cot (x) + 2 + 2 arctan (2 cot (x) - 1))) + C

\int_{0}^{\frac{7}{2}} (2 x + 1)^{- \frac{1}{3}} d x

\frac{3 x + 2}{5 x - 1}

\frac{\partial}{\partial z} (x^{2} + z^{2})

y^{^{''}} + y = 3 sin (2 t) + t cos (2 t)

x \to - 1 lim (1 - x^{2})