What is the integral of csc^4(3x-1) ?

The integral of csc^4(3x-1) is 1/3 (-1/3 csc^3(3x-1)cos(3x-1)-2/3 cot(3x-1))+C

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integral of csc^4(3x-1)

\int csc^{4} (3 x - 1) d x

\frac{1}{3} (- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (3 x - 1) cos (3 x - 1) - \frac{2}{3} cot (3 x - 1)) + C

Solution steps

\int csc^{4} (3 x - 1) d x

Apply u-substitution

: \int csc^{4} (u) \frac{1}{3} d u

= \int csc^{4} (u) \frac{1}{3} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{3} \cdot \int csc^{4} (u) d u

Apply Integral Reduction

= \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{cos ( u ) csc ^{3} ( u )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \int csc^{2} (u) d u)

\int csc^{2} (u) d u = - cot (u)

= \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{cos ( u ) csc ^{3} ( u )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (u)))

Substitute back

u = 3 x - 1

= \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{cos ( 3 x - 1 ) csc ^{3} ( 3 x - 1 )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (3 x - 1)))

Simplify

\frac{1}{3} (- \frac{cos ( 3 x - 1 ) csc ^{3} ( 3 x - 1 )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (3 x - 1))) : \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (3 x - 1) cos (3 x - 1) - \frac{2}{3} cot (3 x - 1))

= \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (3 x - 1) cos (3 x - 1) - \frac{2}{3} cot (3 x - 1))

Add a constant to the solution

= \frac{1}{3} (- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (3 x - 1) cos (3 x - 1) - \frac{2}{3} cot (3 x - 1)) + C

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What is the integral of csc^4(3x-1) ?
The integral of csc^4(3x-1) is 1/3 (-1/3 csc^3(3x-1)cos(3x-1)-2/3 cot(3x-1))+C