What is the integral of 1/(sqrt(r^2+x^2)) ?

The integral of 1/(sqrt(r^2+x^2)) is ln((|x+sqrt(r^2+x^2)|)/(|r|))+C

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integral of 1/(sqrt(r^2+x^2))

\int \frac{1}{r ^{2} + x ^{2}} d x

ln (\frac{x + r ^{2} + x ^{2}}{∣ r ∣}) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{r ^{2} + x ^{2}} d x

Apply Trigonometric Substitution

: \int sec (u) d u

= \int sec (u) d u

Use the common integral:

\int sec (u) d u = ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

= ln ∣ tan (u) + sec (u) ∣

Substitute back

u = arctan (\frac{1}{r} x)

= ln tan (arctan (\frac{1}{r} x)) + sec (arctan (\frac{1}{r} x))

Simplify

ln tan (arctan (\frac{1}{r} x)) + sec (arctan (\frac{1}{r} x)) : ln (\frac{x + r ^{2} + x ^{2}}{∣ r ∣})

= ln (\frac{x + r ^{2} + x ^{2}}{∣ r ∣})

Add a constant to the solution

= ln (\frac{x + r ^{2} + x ^{2}}{∣ r ∣}) + C

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What is the integral of 1/(sqrt(r^2+x^2)) ?
The integral of 1/(sqrt(r^2+x^2)) is ln((|x+sqrt(r^2+x^2)|)/(|r|))+C