What is the integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) ?

The integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) is -1/3 csc^3(x)cos(x)-2/3 cot(x)+C

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integral of 1/(sin^4(x))

integral

\frac{1}{sin ^{4} ( x )}

- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{sin ^{4} ( x )} d x

Rewrite using trig identities

= \int csc^{4} (x) d x

Apply Integral Reduction

= - \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \int csc^{2} (x) d x

\int csc^{2} (x) d x = - cot (x)

= - \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (x))

Simplify

- \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (x)) : - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x)

= - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x)

Add a constant to the solution

= - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x) + C

\frac{tan ( x )}{cos ^{2} ( x )}

cot (\frac{x}{2})

\frac{x ^{2}}{( 2 + x )}

\frac{1}{( a - 2 x ) ^{2}}

\frac{cos ^{3} ( x )}{sin ( x )}

What is the integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) ?
The integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) is -1/3 csc^3(x)cos(x)-2/3 cot(x)+C